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Coolant is critical to your car. It keeps the engine from overheating and grinding to a halt. Consequently, when your car has a coolant leak, it should be a matter of immediate concern.

The cooling system includes numerous parts – the radiator, radiator fan, coolant hoses, water pump, coolant reservoir, and the coolant itself. Coolant is a half-and-half mixture of antifreeze and water, working together in combination. The water absorbs heat from the engine and gives it up in the radiator while the antifreeze prevents the water from freezing in the winter and boiling in the summer, and it keeps the radiator and hoses clear of deposits and corrosion.

How the Cooling System Works

This antifreeze-water mixture that we call coolant is pumped through hoses around the engine, absorbing its heat in the process. Even with coolant doing its job, engines run at an average temperature of 190-220 degrees Fahrenheit and can reach even higher temperatures under certain conditions.

As coolant is pumped to the radiator, a fan blows the heat out into the air, or into the passenger compartment when the heater is turned on. The coolant is then circulated back to the engine to begin the cycle again, a round-trip it makes thousands of times during the 50,000 miles of operation it will last in your car before a scheduled flushing.

Without a cooling system, temperatures would rise well beyond that, damaging the water pump, head gasket, cylinder, connector rods and more. In other words, without an operating cooling system, your car would fail.

In fact, most vehicles today include an automatic cutoff switch if the engine gets too hot. It won’t allow you to drive beyond a certain point, to prevent catastrophic damage to the engine. Fortunately, a dashboard warning light will indicate an overheating engine long before the switch is tripped, giving the operator plenty of time to address the issue.

Detecting a Coolant Leak

The most common problem leading to overheating is a coolant leak. 
When coolant leaks, there is less of it to cool the engine. That forces the water pump to work harder and allows heat to build up in the engine.

The first place to look for a coolant leak in your car is the coolant hoses. They are relatively easy and inexpensive to replace if you find coolant dripping out of one of them. The connection points between hoses and other elements like the radiator and water pump are another good place to look. The problem may be nothing more than a loose hose clamp.

Coolant may also seep from the radiator, the water pump, the coolant reservoir, and in the worst case, from a blown head gasket. Whatever the source of the leak, it must be found as soon as possible and repaired.

What Are the Warning Signs of a Coolant Leak?

There are four main ways leaking coolant can become apparent:

1. You see the leak on the ground. Orange or green liquid dripping onto the ground beneath your vehicle is a clear sign that coolant is leaking. If you see this before any other symptoms appear, there’s a good chance you caught the problem early.
2. The dashboard temperature gauge indicates increasing heat. The needle on the engine temperature gauge should remain in a fairly narrow range. If you see it creeping towards the red, that is an early sign of trouble in the cooling system.
3. The dashboard warning light is illuminated. Warning lights are not as helpful as gauges because they don’t illuminate until there is already a problem. If the temperature icon lights up on the dashboard, the temperature is already too high.
4. There is steam coming from the hood. Even before a radiator overheats and produces steam, heat from the engine can build up beneath the hood. Any water that falls on the hood, for example from rain or splashing, will sizzle and evaporate from the intense heat. That is a quirky, but early warning sign of overheating.

How to Prevent a Coolant Leak

All the fluids in a car should be checked periodically to ensure proper levels and topped off if low. Then they need to be monitored to determine whether the low level was the result of a larger problem. This is true of coolant as well as oil, brake fluid, power steering fluid, etc.

Most manufacturers advise the radiator be flushed every 50,000 miles or so. This cleans out the cooling system and provides a fresh batch of coolant to the system. Flushing the radiator is part of the preventative maintenance that can help avoid expensive repairs down the road.

Hoses and belts should also be inspected periodically for cracks, tears or weaknesses that might lead to breakage and leaks. While that is being done, hose connection sites should also be inspected for loose fittings and cracks.

This kind of preventative maintenance and inspection will identify problems before they become serious. Beyond that, most cooling system issues are simply a function of luck or time. Hoses crack, connections weaken, water pumps malfunction and head gaskets wear over time. The key is to address the issue when it arises.

Fixing a Coolant Leak

Coolant leak on the engine can be repaired in several ways, depending on the source of the leak. A broken radiator cap – the simplest and least expensive issue – can be repaired for 10 or 15 bucks by anyone, regardless of automotive expertise or lack thereof. Hose connections can be fixed by replacing the hose clamp, hose or both. Cracked hoses can be replaced if they are the culprit. Automotive DIYers can handle these issues themselves once they have identified the source of the leak, but for a lot of us it requires a trip to a car care professional.

Coolant today contains anti-corrosive agents to protect the radiator from rusting; nonetheless, radiators can develop leaks over time. The telltale sign of a leaking radiator is the puddle of orange or green liquid under the car, as mentioned above. This also likely requires the help of a service station to repair or replace.

If the expense of a trip to the service station is unaffordable and the leak is small, a quick way to stop it is by using a chemical sealant, like BlueDevil Coolant Stop Leak. The specially formulated additive seals leaks in metal, aluminum, cast, alloy, or plastic, eliminating the further loss of coolant from the system.

Using these products only requires the vehicle not be driven for a couple of hours. Once a bottle of the sealant is added to the radiator, the vehicle idles for 45 minutes to circulate the product. Another hour is needed so that the engine is allowed to cool before driving. Any leaks should be sealed at that point. If coolant continues to leak, the problem is elsewhere and the car should be brought to a professional.

Fixing Bigger Problems Than Leaking Radiator Hoses

A busted water pump or damaged heater core can also cause coolant leaks and must be repaired or replaced immediately to avoid disaster. Diagnosing these issues and fixing them requires a certain level of expertise. If you’re not an advanced DIYer, take the vehicle to a professional mechanic.

If the coolant appears to have a thin white film in the overflow reservoir or radiator, your motor oil is frothing with coolant, or you find coolant leaking on the engine block, that is a bad sign.

These are all symptoms of a blown head gasket, the thin metal piece that separates the combustion chamber from the rest of the engine, keeping heat and pressure in one place, and coolant and oil in their places. A blown head gasket is death on a cooling system, but it is much more than that. It threatens nearly every function of an automobile and must be repaired.

Replacing a head gasket would be relatively easy and inexpensive if it was located in a more accessible location. The problem is the head gasket hides way in the back of the engine on top of the cylinder head. Accessing it requires taking apart much of the engine, a process that can take all day. Labor costs for replacing a head gasket can easily run $1,000.

Unfortunately, a damaged head gasket is not something you can put off. The head gasket is vital to the functioning of an internal combustion engine. Neglecting a leaking gasket can literally destroy your car. If the hard part repair isn’t an option, a sealant product can save the day. BlueDevil Pour-N-Go Head Gasket Sealer can seal leaks in blown head gaskets, warped or cracked heads, heater cores, and freeze plugs permanently, and it comes with a money-back guarantee.

Whatever the source of your coolant leak, the one thing you can’t do is nothing. Take care of the cooling system and it will take care of the engine and keep the vehicle running for years.

BlueDevil Products can be found at AutoZone, Advance Auto Parts, O’Reilly Auto Parts, NAPA, Parts Authority, Auto Value, Bumper to Bumper and other major auto parts retailers.